Why energy engineering is different
Primary risk: operational safety. A careless scan or rushed change can stop a plant or endanger people.
IT/OT convergence
Plant networks once isolated now connect to corporate IT and cloud, opening attack paths that did not exist before.
Legacy control systems
PLCs, SCADA and DCS run for decades and cannot be patched freely.
Remote vendor access
Third-party maintenance links are a leading OT attack path.
Ransomware
Attacks on IT increasingly spill into operations.
Grid and asset digitalisation
Smart meters, sensors and digital twins multiply data and endpoints, and scattered operating data stalls twins and predictive maintenance.
Skills scarcity
Engineers who understand both control systems and cybersecurity are rare.